1. Circle the correct answer:
a. An observational study can show a causal relationship.
b. An experimental study can show a causal relationship.
c. The closer the value of r^2 is to 1, the more evidence there is of a causal relationship between the explanatory variable and the response variable.
d. Both a & b are true.
e. Both b & c are true.
a. A sample has large variability.
b. The center of a sample is not close to the population center.
c. All samples have large variability.
d. The centers of all samples are on the same side of the population center.
e. Both c & d are true.
3. An educational researcher wants to compare the
effectiveness of using different computer set-ups to help in reading comprehension.
First she gives 12 students a reading comprehension test. Then she randomly
assigns them to computers with different set-ups. The computers have one
of two different size monitors (13 inch and 17 inch) and they display the
text at one of three different speeds (20 words per minute, 40 words per
minute & 80 words per minute). She conducts an experiment and then retests
the students and compares the increase in reading ability in each group.
a. What are the factors in this experiment?
b. List the treatments in this experiment.
c. Why is this study called an experiment?
d. The 12 students are listed below along with
a set of random digits.
| Anderson, Baxer, Cote, Fernandex, Frank, Hicks, Klassen, Mihalko, Rustagi, Tomis, Ulee, Zeg |
| 33063 41842 81068 71035 09001 03367 49497 54580 81507 27102 56027 55892 |
Demonstrate your understanding of simple random sampling by using the random digits to determine which of the 12 would be the first three randomly assigned. Briefly make it clear how your selections were made.
4. Identify and give a one sentence explanation of the three basic principles of Experimental Design.
5. A scientist claims he has performed an experiment in which he both 1) uses a block design, and 2) uses an SRS of ENTIRE population. Explain why this is not possible. Illustrating your point with an example is acceptable.
6. Bill, a statistician, said that the temperature was so cold yesterday at the North pole that it was 3.5 standard deviations BELOW normal. He said that this was a statistically significant event. Clearly demonstrating your understanding of the terms "statistically significant" and including numeric support to explain if he was correct.
7. A gambler has a special coin that has been flipped so many times that he knows over the long, long run it lands heads 55 out of 100 times.
a. Fully annotating, working by hand (i.e., without using the statistical functions of your calculator), and using the supplied table determine the probability of a sample of 20 flips having 6 or fewer heads.
b. Draw a diagram, write down some probability notation and then, using any method you wish, determine the probability of a sample of 20 flips having between 8 and 14 heads.
c. How many flips from a sample of 20 flips would be expected to be heads if the probability of getting that many heads was at least 10% more than the probability of getting the population parameter? Show your work.
8. Part of the conclusion of the CLT for Sample
Proportions states that "the sampling distribution of the sample
proportion p-hat is approximately normal". ANSWER ONLY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
TWO CHOICES:
9. Considering 1) the definition of confidence and 2) the CLT for Proportions and 3) assuming no other changes in values, explain the effect of increased sample size on confidence. Make sure your explanation includes what you have confidence in.
Extra Credit - From Chris Wells (3 points - all or nothing)
The Human Resources Department at a company with
10,000 employees suspects that over the last 365 days employees have been
taking sick days more often on Mondays and Fridays so that they have three
consecutive days off. The HR department takes a SRS of 500 sick days and
finds that 40.2% of those were taken on Mondays or Fridays. What does the
Human Resources Department conclude and why?